Mark’s Home

Welcome back to the 3rd-year blog! Buckle up: this is going to be a big end of semester update.

Site/Studio: Raise the Roof

With the trusses over the house officially in place, we were excited to move on to the next phase of the build: securing the roof sheathing and beginning work on the scissor trusses over the workshop. Roof sheathing, the wooden layer that sits on top of the roof trusses, protects the interior of the house and supports the metal roofing above. One team cut the sheathing, hoisting it up onto the roof and nailing it into place. It was exciting to watch the roof come together piece by piece.

The common trusses over the house were lifted with the crane; the scissor trusses, on the other hand, were lifted entirely by hand. All 14 trusses were placed onto the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams, centered, made plumb, and then braced with diagonal pieces. To reach the tops of the trusses, we harnessed in for the first time, which made the process both safe and memorable. It felt like a big moment for the team, and a sign of how far the project had come. 

With the sheathing well on its way to being completed for Pig Roast, our enclosures team started installing doors and windows with the help of Steve Long. This means that the house is now officially dried in, which is a huge milestone that allows us to begin focusing on the interior.

Back in the studio, we spent hours working together to think through how to create the best possible living space for Mark, including the potential for more than one person to live there in the future. We broke into smaller teams and developed two different schemes, then shared our ideas and received helpful feedback that led us to a final decision. After framing interior walls, the space began to feel more complete, and Mark’s house is starting to feel like home! 

Woodshop: “You’re Sitting Me!”

Our chair work moved along steadily before completion! Each group of 3rd-years worked hard to perfect the craft of each of their chairs, four different designs, successfully completing mock-ups before the real deal. The mock-ups allowed us to practice our techniques for creating the pieces and to figure out how they fit together. 

Two groups decided to take on the first chair, known as “Stool 60,” originally designed by Alvar Aalto. What makes this chair so unique is how the stool legs are crafted, using steam to bend the wooden legs to the perfect angle. The second chair, the “Standard Chair,” was designed by Jean Prouvé. On the way to the finished chair, the team successfully completed a mock-up and test fit their mortise and tenon joints. The third chair, appropriately named “Zig Zag Chair,” was designed by Gerrit Rietveld. The team working on this chair faced a few battles: the angles are challengingly sharp and require precision when being cut. That team also worked hard on the dove tail joints to get them perfectly placed. The final chair, by Lina Bo Bardi, is famous for its dynamic folding ability, making it flat for storage. After creating two mock-ups, the team set to work on the final product. 

As the semester came to a close, we were able to have each of the chairs ready for Pig Roast. Producing our high-quality chairs included many missteps and a lot of practice. We learned with each mistake, discovering better ways to cut pieces, use glue jigs, and find correct angles. We all had our own hiccups with our chairs and challenges in their assemblies, but we were all successful in the end. Our experience in Woodshop this semester allowed us to take home an expanded and deeper knowledge and appreciation of woodworking, greater problem-solving abilities, and a brand new chair!

History: Beautiful Houses and New Heights

The last few weeks with Dick Hudgens gave us some of the most spectacular houses we’d seen yet! Starting with The Oaks, Ian welcomed us into his ornately decorated home, a beautiful Federalist-style house located in Greensboro. The period-accurate furniture and vast collection of art added much life and color into the house. Ian surprised Dick with a birthday celebration, and we sang Happy Birthday and ate cake in his beautiful dining room. 

The following week, we traveled to Thornhill, and the house we saw blew us away! The pristine Greek Revival house overlooks rolling green fields at the most beautiful vantage point we had seen yet. The inside of the house was outfitted with much of the furniture original to the house, a result of it being owned by the same family as the original builders. The house has a few additions to the back, which were masterfully done and honors the design of the rest of the house. After touring from attic to basement to the family cemetery, we hopped in the truck and got a special tour of the fire tower. Ten stories off the ground, the tower offered us a bird’s eye view of the entire property and the surrounding forests, houses, and fields.

The next house that we visited was a short drive down the road to Uniontown and is owned by a member of Rural Studio staff, Dudley Long. Upon driving in, we were instantly welcomed by Dudley’s four dogs and the beautiful facade of her house. The design is unique: the cream plaster columns along the front and side of the house and the floating front porch are unlike anything else we have seen at our other stops. Before Dudley, the house belonged to her grandmother; it has always belonged to her family. After our tour, we sketched two elevations of the house, practicing our ability to capture detail and scale in a short period of time. 

Our final tour with Dick Hudgens took us all over Selma, Alabama. We met at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, which we walked across, and learned about Selma’s importance in the Civil Rights Movement. Next, Dick led us to the Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church just a few blocks away. The church was the starting place for the famous march from Selma to Montgomery led by Martin Luther King Jr. Dick Hudgens is currently leading its renovation, so we got an inside look! Our next stop was an amazing surprise: a visit to Charlie “Tin Man” Lucas’s studio! We received a warm welcome from Charlie, a Selma local. He led us through his workshop/gallery of creations, explaining the ideation behind his pieces, and giving us amazing life advice in between. His work is mainly rearranging recycled mundane materials to make inspired, playful works of art. Finally, we got to see Dick Hudgens’s own house, which hosts his antiques and his architecture studio. Dick showed us the highlights of his collection and taught us the history of the house. The class concluded with a dinner at a local restaurant, Tally-Ho, where we ate ten baskets of bread and recounted our favorite moments from this special seminar class.

Student Life: We had a Field Day

We got to meet a whole bunch of new faces a few weeks ago with the 1st-year architecture students coming for their annual visit. They set up camp on Morrisette Campus, bringing their own tents and hammocks. We gave them a warm, West Alabama welcome and hosted a bonfire (complete with s’mores) to kick off their visit. The following morning, we all met at the Fabrication Pavilion. Earlier, each visiting student had been assigned a unique food, and the students were grouped according to similarities in their dishes. They’d been tasked with designing a table that represented the foods within their group, and we helped them through the building process. To start the second day, they presented their table plans, and we showed them the best tools to use to build the table by the end of the day. With lots of teamwork and communication, each table came together perfectly! The 1st-years presented their tables to the Rural Studio team and discussed how each group went about the building process, sharing knowledge that they’ll retain and apply to future projects! 

The Students of Rural Studio, our student organization, hosted a weekend field day for a little friendly competition between the students. It was a nice change of pace from studio, as well as a chance to trade out tools for a little friendly competition. The events brought a mix of teamwork and speed, with group games that kept everyone moving and laughing. There may not have been any gold medals, but there were some winning moments and a few unexpected MVPs. All in all, it was a well-played weekend and a great reminder to enjoy those final weeks we had together as a Rural Studio team.

Pig Roast!

Our work on site has concluded, we have finished building our chairs and have put the final touches on our watercolor projects. Now, the only thing left for us to do is to celebrate all of the good work that we have accomplished! Pig Roast, our end-of-the-year bash hosted at Rural Studio, is an annual celebration to display student work and learn about all the work done throughout the year. 

We were so honored to have guests from all around Alabama and the world come to celebrate with us. Families of students, practicing architects, alumni, and locals all traveled to see our accomplishments and to hear how our projects have unfolded this year. Friday kicked off the two-day celebration with the CLT Core House Opening. We watched a finished project be unveiled for a member of the community–a  heartwarming and electric moment.

We caravanned into Greensboro, where dinner was served at the Horseshoe Farm Courtyard (a previous Rural Studio project). Shoutout to Mo Kitchen at The Stable for a delicious dinner and Chef Amanda Pinkstaff for the wonderful desserts! To end the night, a few Rural Studio alumni shared their own recent work and experiences, which was encouraging and thought provoking. Despite the occasional rain shower, day one of Pig Roast went very well! 

Saturday was the main event, the day we had all been anticipating! By 8 a.m., a number of visitors had gathered on the Great Hall at Morrisette. We enjoyed a delicious breakfast (shoutout Chef Amanda and Ann) to fuel our morning project stops. After touring the projects of the “leftovers” (Studio students who have graduated), we presented our work from our History and Woodshop classes. Steve Long and Dick Hudgens both spoke on the nature of their respective classes, their curriculum, and the rigor required to do well in them. We displayed our final watercolor painting and process work for history. For Woodshop class, we presented our final chairs and some of the jigs that we used in their fabrication.

After a delicious lunch, we headed to Mark’s Home. Our presentation team set up on Mark’s new front porch as the crowd of family, friends, and visitors circled around. The presentation team walked everyone through the project, from the commencement of its design in 2024 to our semester’s share of the work. Our instructors, Emily McGlohn and Lauren Lovell, spoke about the work that had been accomplished in our semester and the ones before us. Then, Mark himself spoke, offering inspiring words to our group of friends and visitors. 

On behalf of the 3rd-year students, we would like to thank everyone who came out to participate and to show their support during Pig Roast. Our gratitude goes to families and friends who drove out for our celebration, to alumni and other architects who came to view the work, and to the donors and locals who make everything we do possible. We would also like to thank our staff at Rural Studio for the best semester. The community and positivity that is fostered between staff and students at Rural Studio is unlike anything else. We always felt encouraged to overcome challenges and to push ourselves, to set a standard for our own work and craftsmanship. We learned so much this semester through the teachings of our professors. We were well taken care of by the staff at Morrisette and the people in and around Hale County. We are so grateful for this experience, and we will carry it into the next chapters of our lives in and well beyond our return to our homes for the summer. So long!

Xoxo, The Spring 2026 3rd-year team

The 3rd-years have been keeping busy the past few weeks. From important moves made on site, to making first cuts done in the woodshop, and creating their own pigments for History class, there’s something new every day!

Site: Truss-t Us

We have been busy on site as we divided into teams to work on different areas of Mark’s Home. Our first task was verifying that the top plate was level all the way around the house to ensure that our roof trusses would fit properly. Once they were set, we marked the truss layout across the walls. While this was happening, the FORTIFIED team studied the truss installation process, researching the proper brackets, nailing patterns, and bracing strategies so the installation would go smoothly.

We worked hard preparing for truss day. We installed the columns into our footings that support the 28-foot laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams. The specialized column brackets require a high level of precision that can be difficult to achieve on site. Maneuvering the long LVLs along the scaffolding took careful planning and constant communication. Through teamwork and coordination, we were able to successfully complete the marking and drilling needed to get everything ready.

When truss day arrived, we raised the first truss on our own, setting both ends on the walls and swinging the peak into place before bracing it on the west wall of the house. With the help of “Crane Shane” Jackson from Stillwater Machine, we successfully installed all the trusses over the house. The next step is installing the scissor trusses that will span the exterior portion of the home and will continue shaping the roof structure.

Woodshop: Cheers for Chairs!

Once we were trained to use the power tools in the Woodshop, we started planning the design and build of our own cutting boards. Each student was given three pieces of 14-inch long wood and were tasked with creating our own design. We created some nifty cutting boards with unique curves and patterns. This project was a crucial step in learning to work with a variety of the tools in the woodshop. We also have more confidence working in the Woodshop. 

After completing the cutting boards, we started on our first iteration of the chair projects. These first mock-ups are samples of our chairs to help us understand steps in the process. We practiced cutting joints and making special jigs for specific cuts with guidance from Instructor Steve Long. The most intense process we have learned is steam bending wood. The steam bending process makes physically bending the wood possible, and it requires speed, planning, and maybe a little luck!

History: Colorful Weeks

Ahead of our final watercolor drawings, Instructor Hudgens tasked us with creating our very own, homemade watercolors, so we have been doing a lot of “foraging” around Morrisette House. We’re looking for anything from pecan shells to tree bark to local weeds. To help us with this process, we took a pigment workshop class with Aaron Head, local artist and gallery owner. What a privilege!

In this workshop, we first learned how to make our own charcoals using tree limbs that we cut ourselves. Aaron then walked us through the process of creating our own watercolor pigments with items we could find locally. We used things like flowers and onion skins, and we learned what kind of colors we could find in our own backyards. After we collected these samples, Aaron showed us how to boil them and add a thickening agent to help bring the colors out.

Now, we are on the hunt for the perfect pigments. After we find our samples, we grind them, put them in mason jars, and add water for them to saturate. Once our watercolors are finished, we test them on sketches that we make for History class. The watercolors, we have discovered, react in different ways when brushed onto paper or when added on top of a different pigment. This has been a fun challenge to navigate as we prepare for our final drawings. 

We have been on the go in History class! Our first stop was to Gaineswood, a massive Greek Revival mansion in Demopolis. It started as a small wooden cabin and slowly grew with the prestige of the Gaines family, who owned it. The property was used as a plantation, with an observatory located on the very top point of the house for keeping watch over the land. The interior of the house was ornate, with molding taken from Greek inspiration, stained glass created by the famous John Gibson, and interior columns of various orders. Also, two grand skylights lit up the dining and living rooms. The house has been undergoing needed renovations and adjustments because of its impressive age. Instructor Dick Hudgens pointed out where his own renovation teams had already completed preservation work on the house. 

Our next stop was farther than ever before—Tuscaloosa! Not for the Iron Bowl, but to see the Jemison-Van de Graaf Mansion. The mansion, located outside of downtown Tuscaloosa, is a gorgeous Italianate house built in the 1860s. Its grand scale and colorful interior blew us away. This house also has an observatory on the roof, allowing us a birds-eye view of the city! The mansion once belonged to a prominent Alabama senator who used the house to establish his wealth and power. We enjoyed touring in and around the house to sketch a floorplan and an elevation. Dick asked us to add color to our assigned elevation sketches using our homemade pigments. Nothing like traveling into enemy territory to start off our week!

Student Life: Work Hard, Play Hard

After long workdays on site, we have plenty of ways to enjoy our evenings in Hale County. Whether it’s sharing meals, relaxing with movie nights, or heading into town for activities, there is always something to look forward to after a full day of building!

Every week begins with “Pod Dinner” on Monday, where the roommates in each pod take turns cooking for everyone. One pod prepares dinner and dessert for the rest of the group, and it has quickly become a favorite tradition. So far, we’ve had family recipes with homemade cookies and Domino’s Pizza. It’s been a fun way to share a meal and spend time together.

We have also been involved in activities around town. Our social schedule stays busy with Ultimate Frisbee and pickleball games along with bingo and trivia nights at The Stable.

We asked our 3rd-year team to name their favorite song to hear on site. Who’s got the best taste in music?

Bergin: I love to dance to “Valerie” by Amy Winehouse on site.

Sara Kate: To start the day, I like to hear “Bennie and the Jets” by Elton John, and later in the afternoon, I like to hear “We Didn’t Start the Fire” Billy Joel!

Ava: What comes to mind is “Drive-By” by Train when we start singing together while we work. Also, “Doses and Mimosas” by Cherub.

Ben: I like to bust a move: “Ain’t Got Rhythm” by Phineas and Ferb!

Barrett: I like to hear “Golden” (with “We’re going up, up, up”) from KPop Demon Hunters

Olivia: I love listening to “Hooked on a Feeling” by Blue Swede

Jordan: “We Are Young” by fun.

Kasia: I love when “Hot Wings” (I Wanna Party) from the Rio Soundtrack plays on site!

Emily: “Vienna” by Billy Joel is my favorite!

Bailey: I love when any parts of Pitch Perfect‘s “Riff Off” come on the speaker!

That’s all for now! Stay tuned for more updates soon.

It’s officially been one month of Rural Studio for the spring semester of 3rd-Years! Our group of 10 comes from a variety of states: Florida, Illinois, Alabama, South Carolina and Georgia. All of us were excited not only to make our way to Newbern, Alabama, for a busy and rewarding semester, but also to see our friends/future team. On move-in day, we chose our Pods, unloaded our belongings, and settled in.

Week one began with convocation, where we learned about Rural Studio’s current projects and teams and began meeting professors, staff, and other Rural Studio students. This taste of Rural Studio left us excited about the upcoming week when we would see these projects in person.

“Neckdown” Week is a time for maintaining past projects and making headway on physical tasks. The week gave us a chance to break in our work boots and jackets while learning shop safety, site protocol, and the expectations for the semester ahead. We met the incredible faculty and staff who keep Rural Studio running and began to understand how the site, community and Studio, Woodshop, History classes all connect. By the end of our first few weeks, we were ready for what we had all been waiting for: getting onto a site of our own!

Mark’s Home Resumes

The continuation of Mark’s Home began not on-site but in the Greensboro studio. Before picking up a single tool, we immersed ourselves in the construction documents. We translated the drawings into detailed 3D digital models to better understand the sequencing and assembly of the project. Every stud, sheathing panel, header, and truss was modeled intentionally.

This process required us to slow down and truly read the drawings as instructions rather than representations. As we modeled each component, questions surfaced. How do the trusses bear on the walls? Where does additional blocking need to be placed? How does the ZIP System® align at openings and corners? By assembling the house digitally, piece by piece, we strengthened our understanding of how it will come together in reality. 

From there, our studio worked collaboratively to create a step-by-step timeline for the semester. We mapped out the sequencing of tasks on site, identifying what must happen before the next stage can begin. Thinking through this process allowed us to visualize the semester as a whole and recognize how each workday builds toward the next milestone. With our models complete and a plan in place, we felt prepared to transition from studio work to the physical construction!

Site Time!

We took a few trips out to Mark’s Home to observe the existing work, take measurements, and double check our construction documents. After thank, the time had finally arrived to get our boots on the ground! We prepared a shared playlist to have while we work on site, and we were ready to go!

We began by checking measurements and moving materials into place, planning our steps of construction for the rest of the week. Our first order of business: the 500-pound storm door for the tornado shelter! After chiseling the opening for the door to the right width, it was time to do some heavy lifting.  It took six people to move the door, but we were able to hoist it into its spot—perfect fit! Our team drilled holes into the concrete blocks for the screws that will secure the door.

During that week, we also moved an laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beam over the front porch of Mark’s Home. After putting up scaffolding, we hoisted the LVL beam into two slots in the wall and screwed the beam into its special brackets in the wall. This beam will help support the roof and the trusses over the porch.

The next challenge we faced was preparing the concrete footings for the columns. We marked the centers of the footings for the special brackets that would come later to hold our wooden columns in place. Now that everything has been verified and marked, we are ready for the next steps!

Woodshop Warriors

In the Woodshop, under the guidance of Lecturer & Design Build Manager Steve Long, the chair project is officially underway. Each group selected a wooden chair designed by a well-known architect that we will study and reconstruct over the course of the semester. 

Before cutting any material, we began with research. We examined the history of each chair, the design intent behind it, and the joinery strategies used to achieve its form. From there, each team created a detailed storyboard outlining the steps required to construct the chair. We identified the order of operations, the tools needed, potential jigs that must be fabricated, and realistic time estimates of each stage.

This process mirrors the planning happening in Studio and on site. Thoughtful sequencing is essential, whether assembling a house or crafting a chair. As we grow more confident with the shop tools and refine our woodworking skills, the atmosphere in the woodshop is becoming more focused and collaborative. Though it is still early in the semester, each group has started translating research into strategy and, soon, will translate into physical form. 

Local History Exploration

In our History class led by Instructor Dick Hudgens, we have visited two historical buildings around Greensboro. During site visits, students practice sketching details and elevations, as well as discovering construction details and historical knowledge to better understand the context of these houses. Mr. Hudgens encourages us to read the floorplans and look critically for clues that might reveal original uses of the house or to uncover how the house could have changed over the years. We are learning what makes these houses so special.

The first house we visited, Glencairn, was a Federalist Mansion built in the 1830s. The beautiful columns and detailed ornamentation around the front door captivated us. During our visit, we walked the perimeter of the house and observed how the house had expanded and been altered throughout its past. Once inside, we saw a beautifully furnished home with antique pieces of furniture and art, most of them original to the house. We learned the historical uses of the different rooms, and what those uses said about society at that time. 

The second home we visited was Magnolia Grove, which had belonged to Spanish-American War Hero and Congressman Richmond Pearson Hobson. It was built in the 1840s in the Greek Revival Style. The large front porch was held up by large doric columns that were carved out of brick by a skilled mason. We walked the perimeter of the house and its adjacent dwellings that once had been for the owner’s slaves. Inside the house was a beautiful self-supporting staircase that amazed the whole class. We sat outside in the beautiful weather and sketched an elevation of the front of the house and an elevation of the kitchen building. 

Student Life: A Meal with Mark

Last Friday morning, our client, Mark, welcomed us to site for breakfast. He grilled sausages and ham, and scrambled eggs. We gathered to share the meal outside in the space that will soon become his home.

It was a meaningful way to begin this semester of work. Sitting together on site, hearing Mark speak about his hopes for the house, and sharing conversation reminded us why this project matters. Architecture here is personal. It is rooted in relationships and trust.

As we move further into the semester, we are excited to build upon the strong foundation laid before us. Our cohort has studied plans, prepared tools, and developed a growing understanding of both craft and context—our work is fully underway. We look forward to sharing more as Mark’s Home, our chairs, and our understanding of regional architecture history continue to take shape. 

We’ve had an extremely fun and busy few weeks since our last blog post, and it’s now the end of the semester. Our time working on Mark’s Home is complete. We are excited to show what we’ve been working on!

Studio + Site: All Zipped Up

Things have been full steam ahead on site! We successfully completed the framing of the walls before Halloween Review. Adorned in our costumes, we gave our visiting collaborators a tour of site, which gave them the opportunity to walk through the project and get a better understanding of the space at full scale.

Moving forward, we divided and conquered to work on multiple parts of the project at once. We mounted and taped the ZIP System® sheathing, placed all the brackets needed to meet the FORTIFIED Gold standards, and, ahead of schedule, framed and decked the front porch.

In studio, we met with lighting consultant Thomas Patterson, who gave us insight on lighting strategies to use at Mark’s Home and in the workshop space. With Mark’s low vision in mind, we developed a series of charrettes to brainstorm different lighting conditions that would enable him to live and work comfortably. After narrowing down the options, we tested the conditions with Mark at Mac’s Model Home to get feedback on the lighting types that he preferred.

The semester was ending, so we spent our last full week of class finalizing our presentation material for Soup Roast and doing one last concrete pour to make the roof column bases. We also did one last charette to formulate ideas for the cladding that will go on the FEMA safe room, and design potential layouts of the workshop space. This milepost will be a good starting point for the students arriving next semester.

Woodshop: Shopaholics

We’ve officially finished with all our chairs, and they look incredible!

After we finished our mock-ups around Halloween Reviews, we spent almost every night in the woodshop working on final products. The mock-ups allowed us to both practice our fine woodworking skills and make minor alterations to our measurements. We worked closely with Instructor Steve Long on processing our wood, using the table saw, and producing jigs, all of which was critical to every group’s process. Before Thanksgiving break, all the chairs’ major components were finished. Coming back from the break, we spent the last week finishing up the final touches like staining and sanding. 

At Soup Roast, we had an exhibition on the Great Hall featuring our chairs, our cutting boards, and some students’ side projects. These four differing chairs were a beautiful testament to the valuable skills we learned in woodworking and design from Steve. While our time at Rural Studio is over, it is exciting to know that the woodshop will soon be filled with a new group of students next semester!

History: Watercolor Marathon!

As this semester closed, we went on our last house tours for History. In the meantime, we continued to work on our final watercolor. Thanksgiving break was a time of rest and collecting materials to create natural pigments. The most impressive natural pigment we found came from boiling cabbage. We don’t want to spoil the surprise, but a hint is that the color is featured in most everyone’s final product. After a light refresh on color theory, everyone mixed pigments, and made colors to present our final watercolors. At Soup Roast, we showcased our sketchbooks from the semester along with our watercolors. Mars and Emily won books for the outstanding quality of their work throughout the semester! 

Every week we seemed to find a new favorite home with each detail showcasing the impressive craftsmanship throughout. During the semester, we learned some of the techniques used that help these homes survive for many years. We are so grateful to have learned about restoration and history through firsthand experience. 

Student Life: The More the Merrier

In November, we had the absolute pleasure of hosting a group of students from Wales, UK. We played pickleball with them, introduced them to some local restaurants, and gave them a tour of the Mark’s Home site. This was an excellent opportunity to compare our countries’ building techniques. For dinner, our visitors even helped Chef Amanda Pinkstaff cook a delicious shepherd’s pie. They were incredible guests, and we enjoyed our time with our new friends from across the pond.  

We spent holidays celebrating with our Rural Studio family through great food. Our client, Mark, graciously hosted a Thanksgiving lunch for us. From dressing to cornbread to turkey, it was the best Thanksgiving meal Newbern has ever seen. In celebration of the end of the semester, the 5th-year students hosted a potluck and gift exchange. Everyone took a break from their hard work to have a nice, shared meal before Soup Roast and the holiday break. We welcomed parents and friends at Soup Roast to showcase all the work from our semester. Our families got to see the progress on Mark’s Home, which thrilled us, and we received feedback from our reviewers to help next semester’s students. 

Thank you to everyone who came out to Soup Roast and helped support all our hard work this past semester!